Hybrid Metaheuristic Design for Solving the Cardinality-Constrained Portfolio Problem: Comparative Analysis in Six Equity Markets
Abstract
We present a hybrid metaheuristic for mean–variance portfolio optimization with a cardinality constraint. The algorithm combines Continuous Ant Colony Optimization (CACO), a Genetic Algorithm (GA), and Artificial Bee Colony (ABC), with elitism and localized mutation to balance exploration and exploitation. Across six benchmark equity markets (S&P 100, FTSE 100, Hang Seng, Nikkei 225, DAX 100, XU100/XU030), the method yields lower mean/variance return error and smaller mean Euclidean distance to the unconstrained efficient frontier than competing settings. On S&P 100, the best configuration achieves VRE ≈ 2.52, MRE ≈ 0.70, and MEUCD ≈ 1e-4. The approach remains competitive on more volatile markets (e.g., DAX, Nikkei), indicating robustness.
Keywords:
Portfolio optimization, Cardinality constraint, Metaheuristics, Ant colony optimization, Genetic algorithms, Artificial bee colonyReferences
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